How to pull sticky post permalink inside php?

So, I have the following code written inside my function.php. I use it on my blog post to display the sticky post, but my only issue is I’m not sure how to get the permalink inside my HTML.

Also, how can I assign a post as sticky, but only show it in my shortcode? Right now this shortcode displays above all my posts, but then the sticky post is posted again at the top (I understand this is the correct functionality, but I only want the sticky post display via shortcode).

Thank you in advance!

functions.php

blog.php